Key References : Here are some of the key academic references on the history of GIS.

• Coppock J.T. & Rhind D.W., 1991, "The History of GIS". In Maguire D.J., Goodchild M.F., and Rhind D.W. (editors) Geographical Information Systems : Principles and Applications, Volume 1, pages 21-43.
  
  
• Special issue of The American Cartographer, 1988, Vol. 15, no. 3.
  
  
• Tomlinson R.F., 1987, "Current and Potential Uses of Geographical Information System : The North American Experience", International Journal of Geographical Information Systems, Vol. 1, pages 203-218.
  
  
• Steinitz C., 1993, a three part series in GIS Europe, "GIS : A Personal Historical Perspective" (June issue), "A Framework for Theory and Practice in Landscape Planning" (July issue) and "The Changing Face of GIS from 1965-1993" (September issue).
  
  
• Mark D.M., Chrisman N., et al, 1997, "The GIS History Project", Summary Paper presented at the UCGIS Summer Assembly, Bar Harbor, USA, June 1997. (Available from http://www.geog.buffalo.edu/ncgia/gishist/bar_harbor.html.)

Some Useful Web Sites on GIS History :

• GIS History Project. A vital Web site to consult.
  
  
• History of GIS, course module from the NCGIA Core Curriculum at the University of BC Geography Department
  
  
• Evolution of the Technology, a chapter from "Geographic Information Systems: A Guide to the Technology", on the PlanGraphics web site.
  
  
• A Time Line of Past Events and Forces in GIS, produced at National Academy of Science Mapping workshop on The Future of Spatial Data and Society. (Beware some of the dates on this timeline are not correct!)

Some Other Relevant Timelines and Histories :

• Cartography
• Remote Sensing. Landsat Program Chronology.
• Computers. Timeline of Computing History
• Graphics
• CAD
• DBMS
• Internet. Hobbes' Internet Timeline

Acknowledgements :
The GiS TiMELiNE would like to thank David Mark and Mike Batty for their assistance.

Future Plans : ????