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| 19 |  |
63 | ||
| Development of Canada Geographic Information (CGIS) commences, lead by Roger Tomlinson. The system was needed to analyse Canada's national land inventory and pioneered many aspects of GIS. |  |
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| The Urban and Regional Information Systems Association (URISA) formed. | |
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| 19 | |
64 | ||
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The Harvard Lab for Computer Graphics and Spatial Analysis established by Howard Fisher. The Lab was an important research centre, creating pioneering software for spatial data handling. Many of the key individuals in the GIS industry studies there. | |||
| 19 | |
66 | ||
| SYMAP (Synagraphic Mapping Sytem) - a pioneering automated computer mapping application developed by Howard Fisher at the Northwestern Technology Institute and completed in the Harvard Lab. | |
 An example SYMAP output map produced on a line printer (Source : Siegfried Schulte, Department of Geography, University of Toronto) |
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| 19 | |
67 | ||
 A diagram of the DIME data structure |
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US Bureau of Census DIME (Dual Independent Map Encoding) data format christened by George Farnsworth. | ||
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The Experimental Cartography Unit (ECU) established at the Royal College of Art in London by David P. Bickmore. | |||
| 19 | |
69 | ||
| Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) founded by Jack & Laura Dangermond. | |
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| Integraph Corporation founded by Jim Meadlock (orginally called M&S Computing Inc). | |
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| Laser-Scan formed in the United Kingdom. | |
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| Ian McHarg's influential book "Design With Nature" was published, pioneering the development of map overlay techniques. | |
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