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Who is Martin Dodge ?
social geography, computing, Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
work as a computer technician and researcher in Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis (CASA)
part-time phd in cybergeography in UCL Geography
currently on secondment with Peacock Maps
geography of the Net, cybergeography
net measurement and mapping
cataloguing of diverse range of maps
critical appraisal of maps and visualisation

How to ‘Map’ Cyberspace?
there are many ways to describe and understand cyberspace (economics, legal, mathematics, art, …)
I’m a geographer, so I believe maps enjoy a privileged position
maps have been powerful visual tools for understanding the world for 1000s of years
maps have been key in framing our understanding places, their size, shape and the relations between them
maps have been vital for navigation

Mapping cyberspace
can be summed up by the questions:
Can we make maps? - Yes
Can we make useful maps? - Maybe, not yet
from feedback received so far, it seems like a question many people asking
need in education and training
revealing what is hidden. Making the invisible visible. Enhancing our understanding
no grand theories; eclectic research, drawing together disparate examples
interesting in themselves. Maps as art?
I take a very broad view of the term ‘map’

Thinking about the maps
following from a long ‘honourable’ cartographic tradition
critical appraisal about what they show, do they work, why where they made
all maps distort, all deceive - some are deliberate and some are unintentional
privacy issues. Maps to monitor, track & control
many maps funded by military and marketing
no such thing as a true map of cyberspace

Critical Cartography
Development of critical cartography in the last 10 years or so
the 2nd text of maps
social and political contexts of maps and the map makers
JB Harley, The New Nature of Maps (2001)
Denis Wood, The Power of Maps (1992)
Jeremy Black, Maps and History (1997)

Distortion and Deception
“how to lie with maps”
Most obvious being through
data selection/omission
projections
how are maps of cyberspace
deceiving?
many ways to project cyberspace
onto a map

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Information Maps
information maps – cyberspace navigation
wide variety of ‘experiments’ / products
visual metaphors
dimension (2D, 2.5D, 3D)
static - dynamic
levels of user interactivity
scales of maps
individual site maps
dynamic surf maps / trail maps / history viz
large chunks of information space
focus on interactive 2d space-filling information maps

The Power of Information Maps
the missing ‘up button’ on the browser
intelligent summarisation and generalisation
3 key advantages:
a sense of the whole (the birds eye view / big picture)
revealing hidden connections
support interactive, unstructured browsing.

"Much information seeking for haphazard"
Much information seeking for haphazard, ill-defined. May not know exactly what you are looking for. Iterative and fluid. Exploration.
Spatialisation – turning data into maps
Key spatial properties:
area
position
proximity
Scale
+ graphic properties of colour, shape, label, etc

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Conclusions
how helpful are the current maps in navigating cyberspace?
are the maps just eye candy?
major usability issues, need evaluation
effectiveness. Misleading more than informing
killer map is yet to be drawn
I want the Tube map for the Web
potential developments
surf maps integrated into the browser
search engine result maps
developing a critical reading of information maps?

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"Questions ?? I would welcome..."
Questions ?? I would welcome feedback to m.dodge@ucl.ac.uk
The slides of this presentation are available at http://www.casa.ucl.ac.uk/martin/wiretap/
keep in touch, join the cybergeography news bulletin http://www.cybergeography.org/register.html

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